Tankut an, tankut n 2005 the effects of joint forms shape and dimensions on the strengths of mortise and tenon joints. To make this joint, a joiner will cut a hole, called a mortise, out of one piece of wood. These joints are required for a variety of situations, especially in many kinds of framework. A mortise and tenon joint is, at its most basic, a peg fit into a hole.
How to make a mortise and tenon joint the easy way cut the wood. The mortise and tenon is ane of the almost plebeian joints used by the thickness of the mortise and tenon is exactly one third the thickness of the ampere wider. T he mortiseandtenon joint is fundamental in woodworking. A mortise and tenon is a type of joint that is made up of two parts. After this, the joiner will insert the tenon into the mortise. The influence of the damage of mortisetenon joint on the. This article originally appeared in the february 2014 issue of popular woodworking magazine as 4 way to make a mortise. The joints are rounded when using a router, but they are just as strong as squaredoff mortises and tenons. I am going to make a chair, and i was hoping to create some mortise and tenon joints for the chair that i am making.
To view the entire article, please click the view pdf button below. The jig limits the movement of the router during the cut. In addition, the joints are subjected almost exclusively to bending rather than tensile forces. Although it is quite strong, if enough force is placed on the joint it will eventually break or come lose. Apr 02, 2020 a blind tenon is also called a stump or stump tenon.
Woodworking wood joints mortise and tenon pdf free download boxes are then located inwards order one after some wood joints mortise and tenon other to produce a piece of furniture piece. The first joints of this style were created with hand tools. In practice, of course, no man needs to know about so many, and, except for small differences, the number one should be familiar with is nearer two dozen. The first thing you must do is mark out the mortise or tenons and you can start with the tenons. The joint has been around for thousands of years and is found in many ancient wooden structures worldwide. This joint is often used to connect rails to posts or legs. There is plenty of glue surface area and the joint will be strong, but screws or dowels as. In a square rule building, they are typically housed at one or both ends fig. The tenon length is usually about 23rds the depth of the piece of timber it is being inserted into.
Pdf effect of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and. Mortise height is controlled by the distance between the finger rail and mor. The rules for tenon width and thickness are useful and will keep you in safe waters, but dont take them too literally. Failure processes of the mortise tenon joint and reinforced joint were similar, the vicinity of. Using a fine pencil, mark a cross at the center of the required tenon and mortise. When the joint is cut, the tenon piece is rotated 180. Jul 05, 2015 someone asked me about wedging tenons so i pulled this together to show what goes on inside the different mortise and tenon joint types. You can purchase a yearly subscription here or can order our latest issue issue eight here.
If you judge by the number of devices and methods developed to avoid making mortises, you might think. This type of tenon is often used on table and chair legs or anywhere else that you dont want to see the joint. Since a barefaced tenon has only a single shoulder, it is very quick to cut. Woodworkers around the world have used it for thousands of years to join pieces of wood, mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at right angles. Its strong, durable, and little affected by the expansion or contraction of wooden members as a result. Therefore, the tenon cannot be seen when it is inserted.
Mortise joint definition of mortise joint by the free. Strength performance of mortise and loosetenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment. The wedged mortiseandtenon joint isnt difficult to make, but you should have some experience making standard mortiseandtenon joints before tackling it. A finite element model of semirigid mortiseandtenon joint. Round mortise and tenon joints have been used in furniture construction for many. The mortise and tenon is a strong joint that can withstand all kinds of stresses and strains to support and uphold structures. A mortise and tenon is a popular type of joint that is used to connect two pieces of wood. Mortise joint definition is a joint made by a mortise and tenon. Mortiseandtenon joint definition of mortiseandtenon. Mortise joint definition of mortise joint by merriamwebster. Primarily used in solid wood woodworking to join end grain to edge grain, or long grain, it is a timehonored and proven technique. The easiest mortiseandtenon joint ever wood magazine. In this joint, the mortise is only cut partway into the wood.
Mortise and tenon woodjoints for furniture and frames. Smardzewski j 2008 effect of wood species and glue type on contact stresses in a mortise and tenon joint. How to make a mortise and tenon woodworking joint why the. There are many different types of mortise and tenon joints. Mortiseandtenon joints are usually cut on a table saw, but they can be made using a router as well. Jun 08, 2015 the mortise and tenon is a strong joint that can withstand all kinds of stresses and strains to support and uphold structures. Pdf effect of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and tenon joint. Builtup nailglued mortise and tenon joint construction. A mortise and tenon joint is a type of joint used to join two pieces of wood together. Mortise and tenon joints are usually cut on a table saw, but they can be made using a router as well. This uses an open mortise with a through open tenon. The tenon portion of the joint works as a peg, and the mortis is the hole or slot into which the tenon is inserted.
Several different types of mortise and tenon joints can be constructed. Mortise and tenon layout calculator visualizer inch use this calculator to visually design your mortise and tenons. Rectangular mortise and tenon joint was selected for investigation. Pdf we determined the effects of adhesive type and loose tenon dimensions length and thickness on bending strength of tshaped mortise. Firstly, the friction coefficient, glue distributions and strengths of the mortiseand tenon joint were determined by experimental methods. The barefaced mortise and tenon joint typically secures studs to sill, girt, tie beam and plate. Strength performance of mortise and loose tenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment article pdf available in journal of forestry research 252 june 2014 with 560 reads. A stopped mortiseandtenon joint is commonly used for chair and table legs. Mortise and tenon joints are the preferred style of joint for furniture and cabinetwork. Sooner or later every woodworker must learn how to make mortise and tenon joints.
Along with the dovetail, this joint has been used for thousands of years. Timber frame is the main component of resisting the lateral force such. The mortise and tenon woodworking joint has been used around the world for thousands of yearsfor good reason. The starting setup set the height of the spiral upcut bit to 9. Position the fence to locate the mortise on the workpiece. Capacity of a traditional timber mortise and tenon joint. Strength performance of mortise and loose tenon furniture joints under uniaxial bending moment.
Jun 20, 2014 the wedged mortiseandtenon joint isnt difficult to make, but you should have some experience making standard mortiseandtenon joints before tackling it. Apr 03, 2003 a tenon is a reduced tongue on the end of the stock that is cut to fit into the mortise. The multiple mortise and tenon joint chapter 7 m2 user guide 36 mortise width is controlled by the distance between single guidefingers. The mortise and tenon joint 1976, video recording, open college of further education. A projection, called the tenon, is then cut out of the second piece. To make this joint, youll need a tablesaw, drill press, plunge router, chisel and a bandsaw.
Effect of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and tenon. Its considered one of the strongest woodworking joints for. A mortise and tenon is one of the most ubiquitous and useful means to join wood together. Pdf strength performance of mortise and loosetenon. Find the location of the mortise on a piece of 2 x 4. Mortise depth is controlled by the depth of cut of the router cutter.
Mortise and tenon woodjoints for furniture and frames, strong. Someone asked me about wedging tenons so i pulled this together to show what goes on inside the different mortise and tenon joint types. An important point to consider when determining shrinkage fits is the stress. Mortise and tenon woodjoints for furniture and frames, strong wood joinery. The cross lines along and across the axis lines of the joint must be at 90.
Slide a square piece of scrap against the flutes of the router bit. In a scribe rule building, these studs are not usually housed into the mortised piece. All variables except tenon length were held constant. Woodworkers around the world have used it for thousands of years to join. Thus, the internal bending force acting on any joint is minimized so that no joint is overstressed. For the benefit of those new to mortise and tenon joinery, i would emphasize a point you made in your article. Although there are many joint variations, the basic mortise and tenon comprises two components. Apr 16, 2016 this article originally appeared in the february 2014 issue of popular woodworking magazine as 4 way to make a mortise. It may actually be advantageous to use round end tenon and mortise joints for the front legside rail joint in a chair frame as the internal stresses may be more. The mortise and tenon joint has been used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world to join pieces of wood. The mortise and tenon is a strong and versatile wood joint, we show on video how to make motises and tenons.
An openend mortise joint has the mortise all the way through the stock, allowing the end of the mortise to be exposed. Mortise and tenon wood joinery method for home made furniture. How to make a mortise and tenon woodworking joint why. Geometries and measurements of the ttype end to side grain joints are shown in fig. Joint forms lap joints and mortise and tenon became more complex over time. Feb 22, 2016 theres a reason the mortise and tenon joint has been used for thousands of yearsit can be carved using basic woodworking tools and itll last for ages. The easiest mortiseandtenon joint ever the router table works well for mortises up to 1. Use of round mortise and tenon joints in the construction of.
Numerical calculations are carried out with a linear elastic model for orthotropic. Round mortise and tenon joints are able to develop their full bending strength even though loosely constructed, whereas the same joints will. Mortiseandtenon joints are typically used when one piece of stock is joined to the other at a 90degree angle, but they may be used at a slightly lesser angle in certain circumstances. A tenon is a reduced tongue on the end of the stock that is cut to fit into the mortise. Mortise and tenon joint identifying antique joinery. Having never made one before i decided to do a practice one first i am not a regular wood worker, a fe. Failure processes of the mortisetenon joint and reinforced joint were similar, the vicinity of. Educational multimedia production company, adelaide, sa. Mark the mortise several inches10cm or so away from the end. Aug 11, 2014 a mortise and tenon is one of the most ubiquitous and useful means to join wood together.
Make the marks with an edge guide or use a jig to hold the sides of the 2 x 4. Halving joints, bridle joints, mortise and tenon joints. In its most basic form, a mortise and tenon joint is both simple and strong. Heres a detailed look at this classic joint, from anatomy to layout to cool variations such as haunched, mitered, crenelated, and tusk. A stopped blind mortiseandtenon joint is one in which the tenon is hidden fully in the mortise see figure 2. The safety and quality of traditional timber structures mostly depends on the conditions of. Of course a tenon relying on glue is more than adequate. Memorise how to create mortise and tenon joints from makeville studio in this howcast woodworking video set off ace of a two component part i joined one slope with ampere mortise and tenon joint and. Strong and straightforward, the mortiseandtenon joint has been securing wooden structures for thousands of years. Mortise height is controlled by the distance between the finger rail and mortise fence. Wedged mortise and tenon popular woodworking magazine.
Like the through version, a blind mortise and tenon joint can also be secured using dowels or wedges. With mortises larger than that, i find i have better control by plunging the bit into the work with a plunge router rather than plunging the work onto the bit. The mortise and tenon joint has been used by woodworkers for centuries because of its combination of superior strength, simplicity, and the elegance of its appearance. Strength performance of mortise and loosetenon furniture joints. The pieces are then glued together during assembly. As usual, wood working adhesive such as pva or cascamite is used to make the joint permanent. Chairs the mortise and tenon is one of the most common joints used by the thickness of the mortise and tenon is exactly one tertiary the thickness of the wood. Like dovetail joints, mortise and tenon joinery is a very old technique. Experimental performance of mortice and tenon joint strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymer under tensile load. This joint is used for rails for strengthening tables and chairs. Effect of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and tenon joint. Typically the socket will be two thirds of the depth and it is best to make the tenon a couple of millimetres shorter so it will not foul the rough base of the mortise.
The way you cut the tenon is the same only when you make your indents on the sides of the tenon only cut one side. Furniture and building frames from wood waste and smallstem. The easiest way to see how it works, is just select all the options, and drag all the sliders to see how the diagrams change as the dimensions change. Pdf experimental performance of mortice and tenon joint. The mortiseandtenon joint is one of the most dependable methods for joining wood parts of almost any size, configuration, and angle. Modern mortise and tenon joints are created by machines and come in many varieties. Bear in mind that the joint is strongest when the two pieces of stock are at right angles to one another. A mortise and tenon is a popular type of joint that is. As part of another project i needed a door, i decided to make this myself. It is very commonly used to join rails to the legs of tables or chairs, or fixed shelves to the sidewalls of cabinets or bookcases. Joining end grain to long grain forms the king of joints. Wood and fiber science society of wood science and.
The plain mortise and tenon joint shown below is very common and is widely used for the joints of tables. Lourenco university of minho, guimaraes, portugal jose s. This is a very strong mortise and tenon because the two tenons give a greater gluing area than a single tenon. Pdf this paper presents numerical analysis of the effects of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and tenon joints.
Strong and straightforward, the mortiseandtenon joint has been securing. This paper presents numerical analysis of the effects of tenon length on flexibility of mortise and tenon joints. If you are making a haunched mortise and tenon all steps are the same except you will leave slightly more timber in the mortise and on the tenon. Most shutters, doors and windows are made using this joint. Capacity of a traditional timber mortise and tenon joint artur o. Particularly on thickness, size your tenons to fit the tooling router bits or chisels that you have available. To mark out the tenon you need to start by drawing a line around the entire piece of wood to create the length of the tenon. The best mortise and tenon tools for your project popular. Mortise and tenon joints woodworking crafts magazine. A mortise or mortice and tenon joint connects two pieces of wood or of other material. No evident of joint preference in construction adapted in response to change and demand. It is used in furnituremaking to make chairs, tables, beds, and many.